定向断裂控制爆破机理及应用

The mechanism of directional fracture controlled blasting and its application

综合运用高速激光纹影仪、超动态应变测试技术、数字激光动态焦散线试验系统等试验手段,着重研究了切缝药包定向断裂控制爆破机理,通过纹影试验多角度观测了爆轰波动的传播过程,实现了爆炸应力波与爆生气体的分离;分析了切缝药包径向不耦合装药爆破爆生裂纹动态断裂效应,对比了不同装药结构对爆生裂纹扩展的影响,确定了径向不耦合系数为1.67时定向断裂控制爆破效果最佳;开展了切缝药包轴向不耦合装药爆破水泥砂浆模型试验,揭示了爆炸应力场的空间分布规律;研究了双炮眼切槽方式下同时起爆,两炮眼间贯穿裂纹和炮眼外侧裂纹扩展的动态行为。最后,将切缝药包定向断裂控制爆破技术应用于煤矿岩巷、立井、隧道和边坡工程的爆破施工中,取得了较好的效果。研究成果可为工程实践提供试验依据和理论指导。

Synthetically using methods including high speed laser tattoo shadow,super dynamic strain testing technology,digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system,this paper studies the cutting seam cartridge explosion wave propagation mechanism,multi-angle observation of the detonation wave propagation process,clearly observed explosion stress wave and explosive gas separating phenomenon.Air interval cutting seam cartridge blasting cement mortar model testing was carried out.The spatial distribution law of stress was summarized.The cutting seam cartridge decoupling blasting explosive raw crack dynamic fracture effect was analyzed.The different charge structures influence on critical raw crack extension was compared.The best decoupling coefficient is 1.67 with directional fracture controlled blasting effect was determined.It studied double hole grooving method,initiation at the same time,through the crack between the two hole and the hole of the lateral dynamic behavior of crack propagation.Finally the cutting seam cartridge directional fracture controlled blasting technology was applied in shaft and tunnel blasting construction.The directional fracture of cutting seam cartridge blasting effect was verified.This research will provide experimental basis and theoretical guidance for engineering practice.