金金属富集区划及自动沉落式采矿方法探析

Study on enrichment zoning of the gold ore and the method of automatic sinking mining

目前,极薄矿脉在我国乃至全世界有色金属和黄金矿山中,分布范围较广,且占有一定比重。对于极薄矿脉的开采,通常采用全面法、削壁充填法、选别回采、长壁法等采矿方法,其共同问题是贫化损失大,安全条件差。针对上述问题,本文以吉尔吉斯斯坦某急倾斜极薄金矿(HD矿)开采设计为例,首先,通过现场工程地质调查和所用采矿方法现状分析,建立"HD金矿三维工程地质模型";其次,基于距离幂次反比理论,结合HD金矿西区29条地质勘探线的剖面特征,对西区9条矿脉进行金金属富集区划研究,分别按照5、9、12三个品位等级划分为极富集区、较富集区、富集区和欠富集区等4个富集分区;最后,针对金矿脉陡倾、薄厚不均和围岩破碎的复杂赋存特征,提出了一种"直立破碎矿体自动沉落式采矿方法",并利用PFC^(3D)和FLAC^(3D)软件对采用这种开采方式条件下上部岩体的垮落形态进行可行性数值模拟分析。分析结果证明,该方法能够从本质上提高金矿的开采效率,降低采矿成本,为最短时间内完成HD金矿富集区内金金属资源的安全可持续开采提供技术支持。

At present,the extremely-thin veins occupy a certain proportion and have a wide distribution range in China and even in the world of non-ferrous metals and gold mines.For the extremely-thin vein mining,the mining methods include breasting method,waste-lifting stoping,resue stoping,long walling,but their common problem are serious dilution loss and bad safety conditions.According to the above problems,this paper took a mining design of steep extremely-thin gold ore(HD ore)in Kyrgyzstan as an example.Firstly,"HD gold ore 3D geological model"was established,through the field engineering geological survey and analysis on the present situation of the mining method.Secondly,the study on gold metal enrichment zoning West 9 veins is based on the theory of distance power inverse ratio and the characteristics of the 29 geological exploration lines of HD gold mine.Three grade level of 5,9,12 were used and four enrichment zones of extremely rich area,more concentrated,enrichment and less enriched were divided.Finally,in view of mining the steep,uneven thickness and complex occurrence surrounding rock fractured characteristics,this paper proposed a vertical automatic sinking broken orebody mining method,and the feasibility of the method was deeply studied.In essence,the efficiency of gold mining was improved,the mining cost was reduced,the technical support for safe and sustainable exploitation of gold resources to complete the metal HD gold enrichment area in the shortest time was provided.