创造力心理学与杰出人才培养

Psychology of Creativity and Cultivation of Excellent Talents

文章在简要介绍了关于创造力的各种理论和评述后,重点介绍了关于创造力的系统观点,强调创造力的表达或杰出成就的出现不应该被看成是个体的特征,而是个体和环境交互作用的结果,是一个需要在一定时间进程中由量变到质变的累积过程。同时,从个体的创造力、家庭对创造性人才发展的影响,以及社会文化等因素对人才发展的影响等方面,探讨了与杰出人才培养有关的问题。在教育教学中,从理念到课程、从形式到方法都应该学生为中心,真正开展因材施教,使教育教学适合儿童、青少年的心理发展水平和特点;在人才评价和使用机制上,应注重人才制度的建立和管理机制的完善;在建立和完善人才制度的同时,在全社会营造有利于创造力表达的文化氛围。

The authors emphasize the importance of systemic perspectives for understanding human creativity after briefly introducing and commenting different theories or perspectives on creativity. It is emphasized that the manifestation of creativity or excellent achievement should be treated as the results of active interaction of creative individual and the environment rather than individual's personal characteristics. Creativity is a process of accumulation from quantitative changes to qualitative changes during a period of time. Meanwhile the authors discuss issues about individual's creativity, roles of family and social environment on development of creativity and cultivation of excellent talent.