我国实施渔业权制度可行性初探

Preliminary study on feasibility of implementing fisheries right in China

随着《联合国海洋法公约》的正式生效,《负责任渔业行动准则》的出台,如何合理、有效地持续利用专属经济区内的水产资源,这已成为国际间渔业管理的一个焦点问题;随着水域利用和渔业资源利用上的冲突日趋频繁,如何保护处于竞争劣势的广大渔民的权益也成为各国渔业管理者关注的一个热点问题。本文阐述了渔业权的概念及其与物权的内在关系,描述了渔业权的法律特性,并从法律基础、法律特性等方面分析了渔业权在我国实施的可行性及其存在的问题,并提出了一些建议:坚持物权法定原则;建立完善的水域功能区划制度;明确规定渔业水域使用的公示制度,并建立公开查询制度;建立渔业权的自由有偿流转制度;明确规定渔业权的保有时限。

In pace with the effect of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the formulation of the Code of Conduct on Responsible Fisheries, how to keep on exploiting fishery resources in exclusive economic zones reasonably and availably has become the focus of international fishery management. Along with frequent conflicts on the use of waters and fishery resources, how to protect the rights of the numerous fishermen in inferior situation on competition also has become the focus on the fishery management in all states. The present paper deals with the concept and essential attribute of fisheries right, describes the inherent relations between fisheries right and property right, analyzes the feasibility on implementing it and the existing problems in China, and gives some practical advices on how to revise the current fishery law. Firstly, Numerus Clausus should be persisted in. Secondly, a perfect system on programming different functions in waters should be set up. Thirdly, a proclamation style and an open search system should be established. Fourthly, a freely floating system on the fisheries rights should be built. Finally, term retentions of the fisheries right should be provided.