马尾松优良种植材料现实遗传增益验证

Certification of Actual Genetic Gains from Good Planting Materials in Pinus massoniana

利用设置在福建省武平县的马尾松遗传增益测定林材料,以验证优良种源、母树林及种子园混系的现实遗传增益。种源中试林和示范林测定结果都显示,选用优良种源具有显著的增产效果。在较好立地上,8年生时广西宁明和广东信宜种源的高径生长分别增益17%～47%和12%～25%。通过福建武平、江西吉安、广东信宜和广西宁明4处母树林子代5年生测定林材料,未发现预期显著的改良效果,有些母树林子代生长甚至低于相应试验对照。广西藤县和贵州黄平种子园混系在不同地理和立地环境上的生长表现验证了种子园混系较高的遗传增益,但这种增益估算值与测试点立地条件和种子园无性系构成有关。广西藤县种子园混系只有在较好立地上增产显著,而在较差立地上则难显其增益效果。贵州黄平种子园混系因速生和遗传稳定性高,在不同立地上都具有较高的遗传增益。

The genetic gain test plantations of masson pine located in Wuping of Fujian (China) were used to certificate realized genetic gain of superior provenances, seed stands and clonal seed orchards. Pilot and demonstration plantation indicated that application of superior provenance will bring on marked increase of productivity. At good site, the genetic gains of tree height and DBH at age 8 for both superior provenances (Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) were 17%～47% and 12%～25% respectively. Progeny of four seed stands at age five (including Wuping of Fujian, Jian of Jiangxi, Ningming of Guangxi and Xinyi of Guangdong) did not show significant expected genetic gain. The progeny of some seed stand was not as good as check. Growth performance of two seed orchard seedlots (Tengxian of Guangxi and Huangping of Guizhou) at different latitude and site demonstrated high realized genetic gains which were related to site condition tested and clone constitute of seed orchard. Marked genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Tengxian of Guangxi was only found at good site. The genetic gain of seed orchard seedlot from Huangping of Guizhou was high in spite of site condition, because of its high growth rate and genetic stability.