经济全球化下的区域经济空间结构演化研究评述

REVIEW OF REGIONAL SPATIAL RESTRUCTURE UNDER ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

近50年以来,交通与通讯技术的迅猛发展使以往许多限制生产活动区位选择的本地化生产要素丧失了固有的垄断性,国际金融市场自由化降低了资本流通的障碍,标准化生产减少了对工人特殊技能的依赖,因此跨国公司可以在全球范围组织生产活动,但是技术创新和知识创新又极大地突出了地区企业集聚、地区创新环境的重要性。因此在经济全球化时期,生产活动的空间区位呈现出复杂的集聚或扩散趋势,区域经济空间结构表现为特殊的形式和规律。在最近20年的地理学研究中,出现了大量关于经济全球化时代区域空间结构的讨论。以跨国公司对生产活动空间区位的影响为主线,对近10年来国内外关于经济全球化时期区域空间结构研究的主要热点问题和观点予以综述。

In the nearly 50 years, the rapid developments of transportation and communication technology has released many limits to the location choices of economic activity. The liberalization of international finance has decreased the block of the flowing of capitals and the standardization of production has reduced the dependence on special skill workers. Hence, many TNCs could organize their productions all of world. However, the dependence on local milieu of technological innovation and knowledge innovation made the enterprises accumulated. So, it could be say that the spatial location of production will take the form as complicated accumulation or diffusion, which make the regional spatial structure with the special character. In recent 20 years geographical literatures, there are many discussions and disputations on the regional spatial structure under economic globalization. On the one side, many scholars think that new economic geography is appearing. Economic globalization announced the end of geography and the die of distance. On the other side, many scholars think that place is still the important base of economic location, which mainly embodied in sunk cost and efficient local network and local milieu. So, the regional spatial structure is the result of two interactive forces, one is the global force which come from foreign TNCs and FDI lead to the economic activity diffused, the other is the local force which come from regional economic base and local milieu lead to industrial cluster. At last, we sum up two main trends of regional economy restructuring under economic globalization. On the one side, the spatial relation of production activity will tend to be network in global. On the other side, the distribution of economic activity is uneven. However, the recent researching result only talk about the change of spatial structure on the scale of world or the allocation of single industry, which seldom tough on how the global force and local force interact and change the spatial structure of one special area. All of these need advanced researching.