前锯肌瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

Serratus anterior muscle transplantation for the repair of soft tissue defects in foot and ankle

目的应用前锯肌瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损。方法17例足踝部软组织缺损的患者,采用前锯肌瓣游离移植,肌瓣上游离植皮的方法。结果平均手术时间(6.5±1.2)h,血管蒂长(8.31±1.48)cm。发生局部血肿的患者2例,浅感染2例。翼状肩胛1例,无症状。瘢痕疼痛2例,侧胸壁麻木1例。3例患者与对侧相比,肩关节活动幅度及活动力量下降,术后半年好转。移植后的肌瓣小而薄,与足部组织的黏附性好,患者行走功能恢复好。结论前锯肌瓣为足踝部的软组织缺损的治疗提供了优良的选择。

Objective To explore serratus anterior muscle transplantation for the repair of soft tissue defects in foot and ankle. Methods Seventeen patients consisted of 11 males and 6 females aging from 13 to 58 years with the mean age of 35.2 years. The anatomical parameters of serratus anterior of 17 cases were measured, the thickness of the muscle was (1.24±0.65) cm, and the diameter of origin point of the nutrient artery to the muscle was (1.4±0.6) mm. There were two veins arising from the muscle, the diameter of larger one was (2.5±0.8) mm. The length of vascular pedicle was (8.31±1.48) cm. 17 patients with soft tissue defect of foot and ankle were treated with free serratus anterior muscle transfer and split skin graft overlying the muscle. The primary lesions were soft tissue defect around the ankle and Pilon fracture in 5 cases, non-union of distal tibial fracture in 3, Achilles tendon and soft tissue defect in 3, metatarsal fracture and soft tissue defect in 4, and calcaneal fracture with soft tissue defect in 2. All of the patients suffered from infection or exposure of bone or applied plate, the area of soft tissue defect ranged from 4.5 cm×6 cm to 11 cm×13 cm. Results The average operative time was (6.5±1.2) hours. The complications included local hematoma in 2 cases, superficial infection in 2, winged scapula without function loss in 1,scar pain in 2, and numbness of lateral thoracic wall in 1. Furthermore, weakness and decreased shoulder mobility were noted in 3 patients comparing with the contralateral side, but the condition improved half year following the operation. The transferred muscle flap appeared thinner and less bulky , and healed intimately with the adjacent foot tissue, the patients resumed good function in walking. Conclusion The serratus anterior muscle flap is a good choice for treatment of soft tissue defects in foot and ankle.