民事简易程序比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Summary Civil Procedure

我国传统理论对简易程序的概念和适用范围的理解过于狭窄,仅将基层法院和它派出的法庭审理简单的民事案件所适用的程序视为简易程序。并由此制约了简易程序的研究和发展。本文通过对各国简易程序制度和对简易程序概念理解的比较研究,对简易程序的概念、分类和适用范围采用了一种相对宽泛的界定方法,笔者认为,不仅由专门的简易法院、简易法庭使用的程序以及审理小额纠纷使用的程序属于简易程序的范畴;督促程序、缺席审判程序、简易判决程序都可看作特定形式的简易程序;甚至在普通程序、上诉审程序、再审程序中也都存在着简易程序。本文的最后部分,笔者从各国民事司法改革的走向分析了简易程序的发展趋势。

In our country, only the procedure, which hears simple civil cases in the basic - level court and People' s Tribunal, is regarded as summary procedure. And the concept and applicable scope of summary procedure is so narrow according to our country' s traditional theory. So the research and development of our country' s summary procedure is restricted by this comprehension. Through comparative study of systems and concepts of summary procedure in different countries, the author demarcates extensively the concept, classification and applicable scope of summary procedure. And the author holds the view that not only the procedure applicable in summary court, summary tribunal and small claim litigious procedure can be regarded as summary procedure, but supervision and forcing procedure, default judgment procedure and summary judgment procedure can be considered as special summary procedure. Even summary procedure may exist in ordinary procedure, appellate procedure and adjudicatory supervision procedure. In the end of this paper, the author analyses trends prevailing in the development of summary procedure from the view of civil litigious reform in the world.