时代性、超越性及其互动模式——对中国传统社会近代转型基本特征的再探讨

Feed of Age, Nature of Surmouat and Mode of Their Mutual Aid and Cooperation ——Re-investigation about the basic characteristic of changing in modern times of tranditional society in China

中国传统社会近代转型经历了一个多世纪(1840年至1949年),内涵异常丰富。从总体来看,除明显的保守性、曲折性外,其主要特征还表现为时代性、超越性及其互动。时代性包含思想主张、具体实践、社会现实;超越性涉及顺应社会历史发展潮流与超越现实客观条件两方面。二者彼此相连,相互激荡。其互动体现为趋同与异趣。前者表现为近代转型具体合理与目标合理统一,而后者则显示二者时空异位、内涵相异和侧重点有别。它们反映了这一转型的必然性、急迫性、复杂性和艰巨性。

The modern transformation of the traditional society of China underwent more than a century (from 1840 to 1949) and was affluent in its content. Except the apparent conservatism and complications, it had the main features of the times and transcendence and their mutual promotion. The feature of the times contained ideological content, concrete practice, social reality; the transcendence involved conforming to the social historical trend of the times and transcending real objective conditions. Both of them were joined and promoted each other. Their mutual promotion embodied tending to be in common in essence and different in their development. The former represented the unity of the concrete and the goal rationality of the modern transformation; the later displayed their difference in time and space, having no common in their content and laying distinct emphases in their content. They reflected the inevitability, urgency, complexity and difficulty of this transformation.