上古汉语动词配价分化的语义基础和句法机制

Semanteme Basis and Syntax Mechanism of Ancient Chinese Verb-Valence Volarization

在上古汉语中,动词词义的发展、组合能力的变化,可以以配价的分化为表征进行描写。配价能力的变化是检验一个动词功能发展的重要参项。研究发现,在上古汉语中,促使配价分化的主要语义手段是引申,主要句法手段是使动化和双宾化。基本结论是:(1)配价分化实质上是由语义分化引起并通过表层句法格局的变动体现出的动态过程;(2)强制性的句法机制引起的配价变化,其主要的语义支持来自表层;(3)考察一个动词的配价时,应以义位为基本单位。

In ancient Chinese, the acceptation and assembled transformation of verbs could be rendered with the valence polarization token. It's change is an signify parameter to inspect the evolutive function. We detected that explication to be the main impelling semanteme means, main syntax means to be pass making and double objection. Our basic conclusion as the following: (1) valence polarization substantially is a developing course which caused by semanteme polarization and embodied with the alteration of outside syntax structure; (2) valence polarization caused by compellent syntax mechanism, surface layer is the semanteme auspice; (3) semanteme methods should be the basis unit in reviewing verb polarization.