中国海岸湿地退化压力因素的综合分析

A systemic analysis of the environmental pressure factors to the degradation of coastal wetlands in China

对我国海岸湿地类型、特点和分布进行了论述.通过分析指出围垦、城市与港口开发、污染、海岸侵蚀、油气资源开发、生物资源过度利用和海平面上升等环境压力因素是造成湿地退化的主要原因.综合矩阵因子分析表明,不同的海岸湿地类型所承受的环境压力和所遭受的环境退化程度是不同的,其中三角洲、海岸(?)湖、砂质海岸、珊瑚礁、淤泥质海岸、滨岸沼泽和红树林等湿地类型遭受的环境压力最大,环境退化也最严重;指出了人为因素是造成海岸湿地环境退化的主要原因.

The types, characteristics and distributions of the coastal wetlands of China are analyzed. Land reclamation, city and port development, pollution, coastal erosion, oil and gas exploitation, excessive use of biologic resource and sea-level rise are thought as the main environmental pressure factors to the degradation of coastal wetlands. According to matrix factor analysis, it is shown that environmental pressures and the degrees of the environmental degradation are different to different wetland types enduring, and coastal delta, lagoon, sand beach, coral reef, tidal flat, marine marsh and mangrove wetland are exposed to serious degradation. And human factors are the main causes attributing to this degradation.