56个中国地方猪种微卫星基因座的遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite Loci in Fifty-six Chinese Native Pig Breeds

采用FAO ISAG联合推荐的 2 7个微卫星DNA标记对 5 6个中国地方猪品种和 3个引进猪种 (杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪 )进行遗传多样性分析 ,通过计算等位基因频率、有效等位基因数、平均遗传杂合度、基因分化系数、多态信息含量和遗传距离并进行系统聚类分析 ,评估其种内遗传变异和种间遗传关系。以聚类结果为基础 ,将 5 6个中国地方猪种分为 12类 :Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类都是《中国猪品种志》中的华北型猪种 ;Ⅳ类相当于其中的江海型猪种 ;Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ和Ⅸ类的品种大部分属于华中型 ;Ⅹ和Ⅺ类相当于华南型品种 ;Ⅻ类相当于西南型品种。提出保种场结合保护区是一种比较符合我国地方猪种实际状况的保种模式。研究结果可为我国地方猪种种质特性研究提供基础数据 ,为我国地方猪品种资源的合理保护和利用提供科学依据。

The genetic diversity of fifty-six indigenous pig breeds in China and three introduced pig breeds (Duroc,Landrace and Large White) was surveyed using twenty-seven microsatellites recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).By means of the allele frequencies,mean heterozygosity,effective number of alleles,estimator of gene differentiation,polymorphism information content,genetic distance and dendrogram analysis,the genetic variability and population structure of native pig breeds were estimated.Genetic variabilities within native pig breeds are as follows:Effective number of alleles vary from 2.12 to 9.03,from 0.44 to 0.87 for mean heterozygosity,from 0.39 to 0.86 for polymorphism information content.Nei's genetic distance and Nei's standard genetic distance were estimated and used to construct UPGMA and NJ dendrograms,which were evaluated by the bootstrap test.Fifty-six Chinese indigenous pig breeds were clustered into twelve groups based on the dendrogram.Compared with the classification in Pig Breeds in China,Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ groups in the study are equivalent to North-China type,Ⅳ group basically accords with Lower-Changjiang River Basin type,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ and Ⅸgroups quite correspond with Central-China type,Ⅹand Ⅺ group largely correspond to South-China type,the last group,Ⅻ is equal to South-west type at large.Suggestions that the conservation farms together with conservation areas are appropriate methods for the preservation of native pig breeds in our country were proposed.The results could provide basic molecular data for the research on the germplasm characteristics of local breeds in our country and scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of those breeds.