未及整合的政治群体——南朝寒门、寒人入政心态剖析

An unconsolidated political group——An analysis of the psychology of feudal officials of humble origin in the Southern Dynasty

南朝寒门、寒人虽已在政治上崛起 ,但入政后普遍表现出种种不成熟的心理状态 :首先是入仕发迹的“侥幸”心理 ;其次是“自视犹不敢与世族较”的自卑心理 ;再次是贪婪粗鄙的“暴发户”心理。这些心理特征产生的原因主要是南朝社会门阀观念仍然十分强大 ,使入政的寒门、寒人无法摆脱其影响 ,只得将自已定位在“士庶之别”的社会习惯观念之中。同时南朝士族虽已衰落 ,但其势力足以遏制来自外界力量的撞击 ,加之寒门、寒人本身在出身、文化素养等方面的差异 ,所以难以形成政治心理上的群体整合 ,自然比较士族来说要幼稚多了。

Although the feudal officials of humble origin sprang up in the Southern Dynasty,they were not psychologically mature in general.Firstly,they had the idea to gain position and fame by chance;secondly,they felt inferior to those coming from aristocratic families and did not dare contend with them;thirdly,they were greedy and boorish like upstarts.All these were mainly due to the stubborn idea of reverence for aristocratic families in the Southern Dynasty,from which the officials of humble origin could not free themselves.The aristocrats were declining in the Southern Dynasty,but they still had power to thwart people out of all other social strata.In contrast to the aristocrats,the officials of humble origin were less civilized and much less mature.It was hard for them to become a consolidated political group.