论伦理学的发现和证明方法

On the Method of Discovery and Proof in Ethics

道德价值推导法是伦理学所特有的发现和证明方法。按照这种方法,发现和证明任何行为或规范的道德价值,首先必须弄清道德价值终极标准:道德目的、亦即道德终极标准究竟如何?这是道德价值推导法的一个前提;其次必须弄清道德价值实体,亦即弄清所要发现和证明的行为或规范之事实如何,也就是行为或规范的事实依据;是否实际存在抑或纯系子虚乌有?如果实际存在,它属于何种行为类型?它的本性是什么?这是道德价值推导法的另一个前提;最后用道德目的、道德终极标准来衡量这种行为或规范之事实,便可以发现和证明它们的道德价值;符合者便具有正道德价值,便是应该如何的行为或规范;违背者便具有负道德价值,便是不应该如何的行为或规范,这是道德价值推导法的结论。

The method of moral value derivation is a method of discovery and proof peculiar to ethics. As the first premise for you to discover and to prove moral value of any behaviour or norm, you have to clarify ultimate standard of moral value: purpose of morality, i.e. what actually is the ultimate standard of moral value? As the second premise , you have to clarify the substance of moral value, to clarify what are the facts of behaviour or norm to be discovered or proved, i. e. basis in facts for behaviour or norm: whether it exists or is imaginary? If it is actually existed, what type of behaviour does it belongs to ? What is its nature? Finally, you have to use purpose of morality, ultimate standard of morality for judging the facts of this behaviour or norm so as to discover and to prove their moral value; those of conformity have positive moral value and they are behaviours or norms of what ought to be, while those of inconformity have negative moral value and they are behaviours and norms of what onght not to be.