生产力新论——大生产观初探

New Views on Productive Forces ——Tentative Opinions on Great Production Outlook

我国理论界具有代表性的八种生产力定义各有其特点和不足。定义生产力范畴必须坚持两个基本原则 :对马克思主义生产力范畴作系统深入的研究 ;必须依据现代生产力发展的实际和特点重新审视生产力。基于此 ,生产力的新定义是 :生产力是人们在生产过程中所形成并表现出来的认识、改造和建设世界的能力系统 ,而生产力系统是由自然生产力和社会生产力构成的一个有机整体。其中 ,自然生产力是其前提和基础 ,社会生产力是其主体和核心。在自然生产力中 ,自然界的自然力是其基础和要素 ,生物的生产力是其主体和核心 ;在社会生产力中 ,物质生产力是其基础和条件 ,精神生产力是其关键和先导 ,人才生产力是其主体和主导。而且生产力系统是一个有规律地运动发展着的统一整体 ;有机联系、重心转移、互动发展的生态规律是生产力系统发展的内在规律和一般法则。这种新生产力定义的提出 ,深化了可持续发展观的内容 ,深化了人与自然的统一关系 ,深化了科学技术是第一生产力的思想 ;同时对于深入阐述马克思“自然向人生成”的思想 。

After systematically analyzing the features,defects and developing trends of theeight definitions of productive force representative of the Chinese theoretical world,the essay puts forward two principles as to how to define productive forces:one is that we must systematically go deep into the Marxist notion of productive forces,the other is that we must redefine productive forces on the basis of productive forces the modern conditions and characteristics.According to the new principles,the essay gives a new definition of the productive force: it is the ability formed and shown in people's productive activities when people understand,change and build the world.It points out that the productive force system is an organic whole composed of natural productive force and social productive force.After systematically discussing the structure,levels and inner relations,it points out that in the productive force system,the natural productive force is its essential prerequisite and foundation,while the social productive force is its main body and core part;in social productive force,material productive force is its foundation and condition,mind productive force is its key part and forerunner,man talent productive force is its main body and dominates;in natural productive force,natural force is its foundation and important part,living beings' productive force is its key part and forerunner.It emphasizes that the productive force system is an organic whole which moves,changes and develops by objective law;the ecological law of organic connections,law of focus transferring and law of depending on each other for existence and development are its inner laws and general rules of the productive force system.In the end ,it discusses the theoretical significance of the new definition of the productive force,pointing out that it deepens the sustainable development outlook,the relations between man and nature,and the thought that science and technology is the primary productive force,meanwhile it is also full of positive significance to deeply expound Marx's thought about man and nature and to enrich and develop the Marxist theory of productive forces and historical materialism.