论张之洞湖广任内的外才引进

On the Introduction of Foreign Specialists During the Period of ZHANG Zhi-dong as Hu-Guang Viceroy

张之洞在任湖广总督的 1 8年 (1 889- 1 90 7)中 ,为着兴修铁路、创办近代工业企业和组训新式军队、创办新式学堂 ,曾大量引进国外人才。其引进国外人才的指导思想是权操自我 ,为我所用 ,并表现为四个方面的特点。空前规模的外才引进是张之洞湖广任内成就举世瞩目的近代化事业的重要支撑 ,其客观效果是好的 ,应当充分肯定 ,其缺憾是在大量引进国外工程技术人才的同时 ,未能相应地引进管理人才 ,借以学习和逐步建立起与大机器生产相适应的近代企业管理制度 ,这是张之洞所办工业企业大都效益不彰的重要原因之一。

During the 18 years of ZHANG Zhi-dong as hu-guang viceroy(1889-1907), he introduced many foreign specialists for building railway and promoting modern industry, army and school. Based on historical data, the article point out that the amount of introduced foreign specialists were 250 persons, and ZHANG Zhi-dong's principle was everything must been controlled by himself. There were four characteristics in this process. It's practical effect should been praised because foreign specialists' introduction largely became an important support to ZHANG Zhi-dong's famous modern cause during the period of him as hu-guang viceroy. On the other hand, ZHANG Zhi-dong didn't introduced foreign administrative specialists to construct a modern administrative system according to modern industry. This was the main reason why the benefit of projects Chang ZHANG Zhi-dong managed was low.