运动训练与心率变化

The use of the heart rate in training

应用心率的变化来指导和调控训练多年来以被广大教练员、运动员和科研工作者所接受,人们通常根据心率的变化范围来安排负荷强度调整运动量。大量的文献资料对有关心率、最大心率及目标心率在运动训练中的应用从不同角度作了进一步的概括:(1)一般认为强度和心率之间存在着线性关系,根据最大心率的不同范围可发展不同的身体能力。(2)最大心率随着不同的训练状况改变很少或不发生变化,也有研究显示:如果训练量及强度降低或停止训练,最大心率将增加。(3)不同的测定方式会导致同一个体出现不同的最大心率而且具有较大差异。(4)心率域并不是个稳定的指标,在训练实践中宜把心率指标与其他生理生化指标相结合来实施训练和调控强度。

It is accepted by couches, trainers and researchers that heart rate(HR)can be used as an effective index to adjust training, According to the range of HR change, the intensity and volume of training can be identified. By the methods of consulting literature and information,the author sets forth further survey on the usage of HR,HRmax and THR in training,the results(1)It is accepted that the relationship between intensity and HR has been shown to be fairly linear, and because of this coaches and physiologists can prescribe training intensities based on the range of HR change and develop different body performance.(Aerobic or anaerobic capacity).(2) The maximal heart rate(HRmax)changes very little with training ,several comparative studies show that HRmax is reduced in endurance athletes when compared to their non active counterparts. In addition, tapering/detraining will increase HRmax.(3)The different test exercise will lead to different HRmax and the result have a big individual difference.(4)The present study suggest that heart rate threshold is not a stable index in training, which should be considered with other physiological and biochemical index.