北京地区几个造林树种耗水性比较研究

Comparison of water consumption of some afforestation species in Beijing area

利用热扩散式边材液流探针于 2 0 0 0— 2 0 0 1年 ,在北京西山地区北京林业大学教学实习林场对油松、侧柏、刺槐、栾树、臭椿和君迁子等树种的蒸腾耗水性进行了对比研究 .结果发现 ,树种之间在耗水量、耗水节律、耗水生态对策 ,以及耗水的调节机制方面存在很大差异 .其中 ,树木的叶片蒸腾速率、树干木质部边材宽度、边材导管分布与形态特征、根系空间分布特征等因素对单木耗水量均有不同程度影响 .通过比较发现 ,油松液流通量显著大于侧柏 ;刺槐、栾树、臭椿和君迁子 4个树种中栾树单木耗水速率最高 ,其次是臭椿 ,刺槐和君迁子最低 .

Single tree water consumption of Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Koelreuteria paniculata, Ailanthus altissima and Diospyrus lotus in the Forest Research Station of Beijing Forestry University in West Mountains of Beijing (N39°54′, E116°28′) were measured by means of TDP (Thermal Dissipation Sapwood Flow Velocity Probe) and Portable-Meteorological Station from 2000 to 2001. Research results showed that single tree water consumption, water consumption rhythm, water consumption ecological countermeasures, and water consumption controlling mechanisms between tree species were different between tree species. Leaf transpiration, sap flow velocity, sapwood area of trunk cross section, anatomy structure of sapwood, conduit scatter styles in sapwood, and root styles were the most important factors related to tree species water consumption. Results showed that water onsumption of Pinus tabulaeformis was much higher than Platycladus orientalis. In the four hardwood tree species, Koelreuteria paniculata was the most water consumptive, and then was Ailanthus altissima. Robinia pseudoacacia and Dispyros lotus was not so much water consumptive as the former two tree species.