塔里木河流域生态景观格局的遥感信息提取与分析

Remote sensing information extraction and analysis on ecological landscape pattern in Tarim River Basin

利用遥感信息源 ,在GRS99及IDRISI支持下 ,依照图像图形学的相关原理 ,识别合成图像的信息丰富程度 ,确定用于塔里木河干流景观格局分析的基准图像 .沙漠石油公路和塔里木河两大廊道呈十字形位于该区域的中部 ,它们决定了整个系统物质、能量及信息的传播途径 .零星分布的油井所组成的小斑块以及连接它们的线路所组成的廊道 ,代表了石油勘探及开发在该区的发展轨迹 ;位于主河道两侧的河岸林使河流廊道更富有生态意义 ;远离主河道的天然植被形成了条形、椭圆形等不规则形状的群落 ,多以斑块的形式丰富了景观的内容 .该区域的沙丘及其南部和东北部的沙漠 ,是该区域特色明显的基质 ,决定了英巴扎地区生态环境的严酷性和脆弱性 .人类活动是土地分割、景观破碎化的主要原因 ,生态景观建设的理论及实践必须用遥感、GIS等现代科学技术的成果作指导 .

According to the principles of image and graphics, the image composite models that can better identify information richness should be found in the Tarim River Basin. Based on some remote sensing information sources and GRS99 and IDRISI image processing software, the basic image for landscape pattern analysis is chosen. Both the desert-oil highway and the Tarim River are two big corridors crossed the middle of the area, which decides the transfer ways of substances and energy and information in the whole system. Corridors consist of lines connected with patches of oil fields, which reveals the development path of oil prospecting in the area. The river bank forests make the river corridor abound with ecological significance. Natural vegetations distributed far from the main course form the strip and ellipse as well as other irregular communities, which have improved the contents of landscape. The dunes and desert in the south and northeast are matrixes that decide the fragility in the area. Human activity is the chief reason of land partition and landscape fragmentation. The theory and practice of ecological landscape construction should be guided by remote sensing and GIS as well as some modern science and technology achievements.