清代瓷质祭礼器略论

A Brief Discussion of Porcelain Body Ritual Vessels of the Qing Dynasty

本文通过对故宫博物院藏瓷器实物的考察,并结合《皇朝礼器图式》、《备物昭诚》等内府彩绘本清代典制书籍,考述了礼书记载的各式瓷质仿古礼器在乾隆时期确有生产,且嘉庆、道光、咸丰、同治、光绪朝都有补做。同时,因清代礼制规定国家诸祀和内廷诸祀的行礼场所和受祭对象不同,导致瓷质祭礼器的生产制度、造型与种类也有所差别。

On the basis of a number of old pieces in the old collections of the Palace Museum and several illustrated volumes of ritual statutes produced by the Office of the Palace Household such as Huangchao liqi tushi (Illustrations of Court Ritual Items) and Beiwu zhaocheng (Veritable Images of Ritual Objects), the author examines whether the various archaistic ritual porcelain vessels of the Qianlong period were produced, as well as their replacements and additions of the Jiaqing, Daoguang and Tongzhi periods. Moreover, because state and court sacrifices were conducted in various locations to various divine objects, the shapes and types of ritual vessels accordingly varied.