继往开来 独树新帜——游国恩楚辞研究新思维简论

A Brief Analysis on YOU Guo-en's New Methods of Chuci Research

游国恩是新楚辞学的奠基者。他的《楚辞概论》是20世纪楚辞学的一座里程碑,体现了楚辞研究的新方法、新思维:一、以历史的眼光把楚辞作为一个整体看待;二、把比较法引入楚辞领域;三、在占有大量资料的基础上,用现代科学手段严密考证;四、把社会学和民俗学引进楚辞研究中。他的《读骚论微初集》的新思维是:一、在宏观指导下进行微观研究,对《天问》古史等作新解;二、在《楚辞概论》的基础上进一步以民俗学的基本观点考核《九歌》山川之神;三、运用综合分析推论法解释屈原"见疏"、"初放"、"再放"。新中国成立后,游国恩又以马克思主义科学理论修正或转变某些观点。20世纪80年代出版的《离骚纂义》、《天问纂义》则体现了以微观体现宏观,以解剖一肢一节来把握整体的新思维方法。

YOU Guo_en is the founder of the new methods of Chuci research which are embodied in his book,A General Introduction to Chuci,a milestone in 20th century Chuci research.Those new methods include:Ⅰ.regarding Chuci as a whole from historic perspective;Ⅱ.introducing comparative methods into Chuci research;Ⅲ.textual research with modern scientific means on the basis of adequate data;and Ⅳ.introducing sociology and folklore into the study of Chuci.Another book of his,On the Details of Sao,also establishes some new ideas:Ⅰ.under macro_guidlines,micro researching into Tian Wen for new interpretations;Ⅱ.applying the coneept of folklore in studying Jiu Ge(Nine Songs);Ⅲ.comprehensively analysing QU Yuan's being estranged,first exile and seeond exile.After the New China was founded,YOU Guo_en modified some of his ideas by referring to Maxism.The two books published in 1980s,Interpretations of Li Sao and Interpretations of Tian Wen,reflect the new thoughts discussed above.