急性肺损伤的中性粒细胞作用机制研究进展

Progress of the study on effect mechanism of neutrophils in acute lung injury

目前认为急性肺损伤的本质是一种肺内过度性、失控性的炎症反应 ,而中性粒细胞的过度活化是造成多种病因所致急性肺损伤炎症失控的根本原因。一般将中性粒细胞参与急性肺损伤分为扣押、粘附、游出、最后释放活性氧自由基和蛋白酶等介质、发挥损伤效应等几个阶段。在以上过程中 ,转录因子NF κB、细胞因子、趋化因子和粘附分子等发挥了关键作用。目前有关中性粒细胞激活的胞内外信号转导机制及其凋亡的调控机制正成为急性肺损伤研究领域的新热点。相信在不久的将来 ,随着这些重大问题的逐步阐明 。

It is considered that the essence of acute lung injury(ALI)is an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response in lung,of which mainly is attributed to the excessive activation of neutrophils.Generally,the processes of reutrophil's involvement in ALI could be divided into the following sequential stages:sequestration,adhension,emigration,and culminating in lung injury by producing reactive oxygen species and releasing proteolytic enzymes.During these processes transfer factor NF κB,cytokines,chemokines and adhensive molecules might play key roles.Current studies on ALI are focusing on the extracellular or intracellular signaling pathways governing neutrophil activation and the regulation mechanisms of neutrophil apoptosis.With the gradual clarification of these significant issues,it might be believed that a novel approach to overcome this stubborn disease would be found in the near future.