自动站与人工观测气温的对比分析

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AWS- AND MAN-OBSERVED TEMPERATURES

根据 2 0 0 0年自动站和人工观测气温资料 ,对两种气温序列进行了对比分析 ,以了解仪器改变对观测数据产生的影响以及为换型后数据的连续使用提供科学依据。结果表明 :除个别地区以外 ,自动站与人工观测气温偏差都在允许范围之内或略超出允许范围 ,季节性和地域性差异不大 ;由于自动站温度传感器灵敏度高 ,所以在日出日落、日气温最高和最低时与人工观测偏差较大 ;自动站观测气温与历史序列无显著性差异。自动站可以用于业务 ,但需进行一定时间的平行观测 ,尤其在西北及高山站更为必要。

With the Development of the Atmospheric Integration Sounding System in China, more and more stations measure meteorological elements by the Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). However, the long range data were obtained from manual observing. Analysis and evaluation of differences between two kinds of data are important for estimating the impacts of changing instruments on measurements and for providing scientific evidences for the continual use of the data after changing instruments. Based on the parallel data of automatic sounding and manual observing in 2000, a comparative analysis is made on the validity and continuity of AWS data. The results indicate that generally speaking, departures between AWS and man made observations are acceptable and their seasonal and regional differences are negligible; owing to the higher sensitivity of AWS data, the departures are larger at sunrise and sunset, as well as at times of maximum and minimum temperature occurring; there is no obvious difference between AWS data and historical sequence. It can be concluded that automatic observation can be put to operational use, but needs parallel observing for a certain time, especially in Northwest China and mountain regions.