南方红壤丘陵区人工林地水文效应研究

Hydrological Effect of Artificial Forest in Red Soil Hilly Region of South China

通过对几种人工林地枯枝落叶的周年变化、水文效应及林冠层截留降雨规律的研究,结果表明:林区枯枝落叶的周年变化出现2次高峰期(7月和12月)。常绿的毛竹林、杉木林及柑橘林的落叶高峰以7月为主,而混交林落叶高峰期以12月为主。各林区枯枝落叶的持水量及持水率的周年变化规律与落叶规律相一致。当降雨量小于10mm时林冠层的横向截留量随距主干基部距离的增加相对减少,当降雨量大于20mm时随距主干基部距离的增加截留量相对增加;纵向截留具有推迟林内降雨开始的时间、延长林内降雨结束时间、降低开始I30雨强和减小降雨量的特点;林冠面截留具有饱和性、动态性、时间间隔性。

The litter annual variation,its hydrological effects, crown layers intercepting rainfall in several artificial forest were studied.The results showed that there were two pinnacles in each forest litter(July and December)in a year. The accumulated peaks of litter were dominantly in July in evergreen bamboo forest, fir forest and orange forest. But the accumulated pinnacle of litter dominantly were in December in mixed forests. The variational disciplinarian of waterholding quantity and waterholding rate were in consistent with the defoliation in anniversary. With increase of distance to the basis of stems,the landscape orientation intercepting rainfall of crown layers decreased under rainfall less than 10 mm, increased under rainfall more than 20 mm. The portrait intercepting rainfall embodied suspending starting time of rain inside forests, prolonging ending time of rain within forests, falling starting I30,minishing rainfall. There were three characteristics on surface intercepting saturation, dynamic of surface saturating point, time interval of surface interception.