一氧化氮合酶与寄生虫感染

Nitric Oxide Synthase and Parasite

一氧化氮(NO)在体内由L-精氨酸在一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的催化下生成。它是一种重要的信使分子,参与血管、气道平滑肌的调节,神经递质的传递,细胞杀伤,肿瘤细胞的溶解及内分泌激素的释放过程,与许多疾病的发生、发展密切相关;既在机体多个系统多种细胞中具有广泛的生理功能,又可能参与多种疾病的发生过程。寄生虫感染时,动物机体内由其诱发产生各种细胞因子。细胞因子激发一氧化氮合酶基因,其转录产生iNOS(induciblenitricoxidesynthase)mRNA,由iNOSmRNA指导一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)生成。iNOS以精氨酸为底物合成NO。本文就NOS的结构、生成和NO对寄生虫的作用以及影响NO抗寄生虫感染的因素作了综述。

Nitic Oxide synthase catalyzes Larginine under the existence of oxygen to form nitric oxide and Lcitrulline. NO has a broad range of biological activities and plays a role in regulating blood flow, neurotransmission, antimicrobial defense mechanisms, and immunomodulation. Dysfunction of NO formation has been implicated in various diseases; the induced NO demonstrated both pathophysiologic and physiologic effect. NO is the end of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase in the parasitic infections, while the regulation of iNOS is complex and occurs at multiple levels in the pathway of gene expression including cytokines transduction, transcription, translation and via posttranslational modifications and cofactor requirements. The basic biology and physiology of iNOS,the relation of parasites infection and iNOS were reviewed. Also the influence factors were discussed.