一起学龄儿童风疹爆发的流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on a Rubella Outbreak in School Children

目的 探讨儿童麻疹爆发原因 ,以控制风疹流行。方法 对 2 0 0 1年 3～ 4月发生在鲁西南地区的嘉祥县及其相邻的郓城县部分中小学生风疹爆发情况进行流行病学分析 ,用ELISA法检测麻疹和风疹血清IgM抗体。结果共报告病例 80 3例 ,范围波及 4个乡镇 ,以嘉祥县黄垓乡发病最多 ,占总病例的 65 3 8% ,发病年龄主要集中在 7～ 15岁年龄组的在校中小学生 (97 15 % )。调查分析显示 ,该两地学龄儿童此前均未进行过风疹疫苗接种。结论 免疫空白的存在是造成发病的直接原因 ,疫情报告不及时和由于种种原因应急免疫措施未得到有效落实 (首次应急接种率仅为 11 86% ) 。

Objective To control rubella outbreak Methods The rubella epidemic broke out in partial in elementary school and high school in Jiaxiang and Yuncheng county in March-April of 2001 The date of rubella Epidemiology and lab were analyzed through testing measles and rubella IgM antibody with ELISA Results The 803 cases that were mainly 7-15 years old(97 51%)were reported and affected 4 countrysides 65 38% of the cases were in Huanggai township in Jia xiang All of the cases were no vaccination history Conclusions The immune bland was the main reason of this current epidemic At the same time,the report was not prompt and the first catch-up was bad to cause the outbreak spread