如何选择静电场电势零点

How To Select The Electric Potential Zero Point of Static Electric Field

在电磁学的教学中 ,围绕静电场电势零点的选择 ,往往有不少疑问 .例如 ,为什么电势零点的选择具有任意性 ,是否有限制 ,在什么情况下有什么限制 ,为什么通常都选择无穷远点为电势零点 ,这种选择是否也有什么限制 ?

During the teaching process of electromagnetics, the students always have many problems about selecting the electric potential zero point. For example, why it is free that we can select any point as an electric potential zero point? Whether it needs some restrictions or not? Under what circumstances and needs what kinds of restrictions? Why we always select the infinite distant point as an electric potential zero point? Whether it is also include some restrictions in such a selecting? All these problems are discussed and answered in this paper.