社会学方法论上的两种因果解释范式——涂尔干与韦伯思想的比较及其启示

Two interpreation modes of causality in sociological methodology——Comparison and enlightenment of Durkheim and Weber’s thoughts

作为现代社会学的奠基人和最早自觉地研究社会学方法论问题的两位社会学大师 ,涂尔干与韦伯均强调因果解释在社会学研究中的重要地位 ,并将探求因果解释的策略与途径规定为社会学方法论的一个核心论题。但是 ,他们对因果性的意义、原因与结果的对应关系以及作用形式的分析互不相同。比较涂尔干与韦伯在因果解释问题上的异同 ,对于把握社会学方法论的整体脉络 ,对于理解当前社会学界的有关方法论争议 ,有十分重要的意义。

As founders of modern sociology and experts who are the first to study matters of sociological methodology, Durkheim and weber emphasize the important status of the interpretation of causality in the study of sociology and make the tactics and ways of studying causality a key topic of sociological methodology. Nevertheless, they differ in the analysis of the meaning of causality, relation of cause and effect and their functions. Knowing the difference is of great importance for grasping the main structure of sociological methodology and for understanding current disputes of methodology in sociological circles.