实习护士发生医疗锐器伤的调查

Sharp Injuries among Nursing Students in Medical Practices

目的 了解实习护士在实习期间发生医疗锐器伤的情况 ,并探讨相关对策。方法 2 0 0 1年 8月作者对北京 13所医院的新护士采用回顾性问卷调查。结果 4 32名实习护士发生锐器损伤的占 93.3% ,共发生 2 75 6次损伤 ,平均每人 6 .4次 ,其中针刺伤 2 .6次 ;被调查者所在 2 6所学校均无开设职业防护课程 ,也无相应教材 ;发生损伤后能主动汇报的比率很低 ,占 5 .71% ;发生锐器损伤的地点分布以病房为主 ,占 71.4 1% ;锐器伤发生的种类中以针头和玻璃伤为主 ,占 80 .33% ;被污染物刺伤的占 37.72 % ;在有潜在血液接触的操作中戴手套率很低。结论 实习护士缺乏防护知识 ,发生锐器损伤率高 ,因此 ,学校应增设职业防护课程 ,医院应加强岗前安全教育及管理。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the occupational risk level of nursing students who had sharp injuries,so as to provide advices for making protection. METHODS The retrospective study of sharp injuries among students in medical practices from Sept 2000 to Aug 2001.Students from 26 nursing schools /colleges answered a questionaire about sharp injuries. RESULTS 1. A total of 403 nursing students (93.9%) suffered sharp injuries in past year. There are 2756 cases of sharp injuries occurred this year. A student suffered in average 6.4 sharp injuries and 2 6 needlesticks occurred during the period. 2.There are no precaution knowledge in the nursing textbook in China, and no classes assigned specifically for students. 3.Few students (5.71%) reported their injury. 4.The majority injuries occurred in ward(71.41%). 5.Needles and grass item accounted for 80.33% of the item involved in sharp injuries and 37.72% of the needles had been used on patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that sharp injuries occurred frequently among nursing students and their knowledge level about precautions was low. The education about universal precautions is indispensable; relevant guidelines and regulations are needed both colleges and hospital.