论美国外贸政策的历史变迁

Analysis of the Historical Evolution of the US Foreign Trade Policies from Its Fragmentation to Integration

在迄今 2 0 0余年的历史里 ,自由贸易与保护贸易之争一直贯穿于美国外贸政策的制定和执行过程中。以此为轴线 ,美国外贸政策的演变也可以划分为 3个时期。美国外贸政策的一个突出特点是它的规范化和法律化 ,其表现形式有法律、法令、决议及行政命令等诸种。美国国际经济地位的变化及经济实力的升降 ,政党及利益集团间的博弈等对政府外贸政策的抉择产生了深远的影响 ,使其在自由贸易与保护贸易间摇摆 。

In more than 200 years, the struggle between free trade and protected trade has gone through the formulation and performance of the US foreign trade policies. Therefore the evolution of US foreign trade policies can be divided into three phases. An outstanding feature of the US foreign trade policies is its normalization. The changes of the US international economy position and economy power, the games among parties and interest groups have greatly affected the determination of the US foreign trade policies. As a result, the US foreign trade policy sways between free trade and protected trade and has a trend of unification of them.