刑法上的财产占有概念

On the Possession in the Criminal Law

刑法上的占有是指对物的事实上控制与支配 ,它的成立必须兼具客观支配状态与占有意思两个要件。自罗马法以来 ,就存在着民法与刑法上占有的区别。较之于民法上的占有 ,刑法占有的客观支配形态更为现实 ,主观占有意思更具规范成份 ,占有性质合法与否也不重要 ,这与两种占有制度在法律体系中的地位与功能密切相关。几种特殊情形的占有归属 ,如存在上下主从关系的占有、共同占有、以及包装物、死者财产、不动产和遗忘物的占有 ,应依具体的事实支配关系来确定。

Possession in Criminal Law is to control and dominate over things in fact and its establishment must consist of possession's fact and intention. Differences between possession in Criminal Law and one in Civil law have existed since the Roman law era. Compared with possession in Civil Law, the objectively dominant state of possession in Criminal law is more realistic; the subjective intention has more elements of law. The determination of lawfulness of the possession is not important. These are relevant to position and function of the two possession in legal system. Some particular possessions should be determined according to specific dominant state, such as common possession, possession with superior and subordinate, possessions of package goods, deceased person's property and forgotten property.