无土栽培基质的质量参数(孔隙性)研究

STUDY ON THE FEASIBLE PARAMETER OF SUBSTRATE QUALITY FOR SOILLESS CULTURE

在蔬菜无土栽培中 ,稳定、良好的根际环境如水分、氧气、养分、温度、酸碱度等主要决定于基质的理化性质。其中基质的孔隙性 (孔隙度、孔径分配 )直接影响水分和空气的含量 ,是最重要的理化性质参数。通过不同颗粒粒径配比试验 ,研究了颗粒粒径 (孔径 )分配对基质物理性质、水分常数和栽培黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明 ,孔隙性可作为基质的质量标准参数之一 ,其标准为总孔隙度 60 %～ 90 % ,非活性孔 +毛管孔隙度与通气孔隙度的比例为 1∶1。具体操作时 ,可通过不同颗粒粒径的配比来调控基质的孔隙性 ,具有一定的实用性和可操作性 。

Substrate is the medium that can supply plant with steady, favorable growth environment of rhizosphere, which includes characters of water, oxygen, nutrition, temperature, pH, and microbe. The substrate properties, such as physical, chemical, and biological property, are the main factors on rhizosphere environment. By reason of the balance between water and air, porosity property seem to be the most important parameter of substrate quality. Granule size plays a principle role in porosity forming, so, we use the different size of granule to synthesize substrate to test the physical properties, water constants of substrate, and cultivation efficiency. The results showed that total porosity and the ratio of capillary porosity/aerated porosity can be the physical parameter of substrate quality. The standard range of total porosity is 60%～90%,and the ratio of non activated porosity +capillary porosity/aerated porosity is 1∶1, which can provide reference basis for the quality controlling of industrialization production of the substrates.