高低产大豆品种生理性状的研究

STUDY ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF HIGH AND LOW-YIELD SOYBEAN CULTIVARS (GLYCINE MAX L.)

本试验对吉林省6个大豆品种的一些生理指标进行了相关、回归分析。以求得从理论上和实践上揭示大豆的增产途径。结果表明,大豆结荚——鼓粒期最大叶面积指数与产量呈显著正相关。高产大豆品种最大叶面积指数在5～5.5之间,高峰出现在结荚末期。为此,应把最大叶面积指数做为一项育种的重要指标。大豆开花末期——鼓粒初期生殖生长阶段净光合生产率与产量相关显著,高产大豆品种净光合生产率高。在适宜的叶面积基础上,鉴定这一时期净光合生产率做为一项高光效育种指标是很重要的。大豆的生物产量及经济系数与经济产量相关显著。通过栽培、育种等各种途径增加大豆光合产物的积累及其合理分配,才能提高产量。

The experiment dealing with soybean main physiological traits, as well as their relationship with yield was carried out, by means of corelation and regression analysis, in order to explore the methods for yield-increasing both theoretically and practically. The result obtained indicated. ( 1 ) The corelation between the maximum leaf leaf area index (L.A.I.),during the period of pod formation and grain formation, and yield was positively significant. The maximum L. A. I. of high-yield cuitivars was between 5 to 5.5 with the peak appeared at the late stage of pod formation. Thus, the maximum L.A.I. should be considered as an important trait in soybean breading. (2) The net accumulation ratio (N. A. R.) , during the period from late flowering stage to early grain formation stage (i.e.the reproductive growth duration) , and yield was also positively significant, the N. A. R. of higher-yield cuitivars is also higher. So it might be concluded that based on appropriate leafarea, the N. A. R. of this period could act as ft predominant trait for higher photosynthetic capacity breading. (3) The biological yield and economic coefficient were positively related to grain yield. So only by means of cultivation and breading etc. to increase the acculation of photosynthetic products and wisely distribute the products, could the grain yield be expected to increase pronouncely.