资源、环境与产业转型的复合生态管理

Integrative Eco-management for Resource, Environment and Industrial Transformation

中国环境污染与生态破坏问题的症结在于管理问题 ,其实质是资源代谢在时间、空间尺度上的滞留或耗竭 ,系统耦合在结构、功能关系上的破碎和板结 ,社会行为在经济和生态管理上的冲突和失调 .生态管理科学旨在运用系统工程的手段和生态学原理去探讨这类复合生态系统的动力学机制和控制论方法 ,协调人与自然、经济与环境、局部与整体间在时间、空间、数量、结构、序理间的系统耦合关系 ,使资源得以高效利用 ,人与自然高度和谐 ,环境经济持续发展 .为解决国家、地区及部门重大生态环境问题提供决策支持、科学依据和管理方法 .复合生态系统管理的热点是生态资产、生态健康和生态服务功能管理 .应用生态管理学包括产业生态管理 ,城镇生态管理和区域生态管理 .综述了当前国内外区域生命支持系统管理和产业转型的生态管理方法 ,如生命周期分析、生态足迹分析等 .

The eco-essence of environmental pollution and ecological deterioration is the temporal and spatial stagnancy and exhaustion of resource input-output, the structural and functional fragmentation and agglomeration in system coupling, and the conflicts and mechanism lacking in economic and ecological management. Ecological management is to understand the dynamics and cybernetics of the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem, to coordinate the spatial, temporal, quantitative, structural and functional contexts between man nature, development and environment, parts and whole according to the approach of system engineering and ecological principles. The key methodological issues are the management of eco-assets, eco-health and eco-service. While the industrial, urban and regional eco-management are the hot issues in applied ecological management. Some management approaches for regional life support system management and industrial transformation are introduced, such as that of life cycle assessment and eco-footprint.