太行山片麻岩区坡地水土流失规律研究

THE RESEARCH OF THE REGULATION OF WATER AND SOIL LOSS ON SLOPE IN GNEISS AREA OF TAIHANG MOUNTAIN

通过人工模拟降雨和野外观测试验,对太行山片麻岩区坡地水土流失规律进行了研究。结果表明:雨前土壤含水量越大,产流越早;土层越厚,土壤蓄水量越大;累积地表径流量与降雨时间的对数呈显著正相关,拟合方程为W=a+blnt,相关系数均大于0 92;径流量与降雨量呈显著正相关,并且径流量随降雨量的增加呈指数形式增加,拟合方程为Y=aebx,相关系数均大于0 95;径流量随降雨强度的增大而增大,并与30min最大降雨强度呈显著正相关;地表径流量与植被覆盖度呈显著负相关关系;相同土地类型,土壤侵蚀量与坡度呈对数曲线关系,坡度越大,土壤侵蚀量也越大,拟合方程为Y=a+blnx;相同土地类型土壤侵蚀量的增量随时间的增加趋于平缓;在其他条件相同的情况下,不同土地类型的土壤侵蚀量为坡耕地>油松林地>刺槐林地>荒坡草地。

Through the experiment of simulating rain and the experiment of the observation in the field, the law of soil erosion on sloping fields was studied in gneiss area of Taihang Mountain The results indicate that: The more water in soil before rain,the earlier flow water from the soil; The soil is thicker, the soil capacity which contains water is larger; The accumulated volume of the surface runoff is remarkable related with the logarithms of rain time The equation is W=a+b ln t ,the interrelated coefficient are all larger than 0 92; The volume of the surface runoff is remarkable related with the rainfall And the volume of the surface runoff exponentially increases with the rainfall increase The equation is y=a e b x ,the interrelated coefficients are all larger than 0 95; The volume of the surface runoffincreaseswiththeintensityofrainfallandthevolumeofthesurfacerunoffisremarkablerelatedwiththemaximumrainintensitiesof30minutesThevolumeofthesurfacerunoffisremarkablynegativerelatedwiththecoverrateoftheplants;Withthesamelandtype,therelationbetweentheamountofsoilerosionandtheslopeisalogarithmiccurve,theequationisY=a+blnx,andtheslopeishigher,thevolumeofsoilerosionislarger;Withthesamelandtype,theincrementofsoilerosiontrendstogentlewiththeincreasingofthetime;Inthesamecondition,thevolumeofsoilerosiononthedifferentlandsisdifferentThevolumeofsoilerosioninslopelandislargerthanthatofoilpinewoodland,andthevolumeofsoilerosioninoilpinewoodlandislargerthanthatoflocustwoodland,andthevolumeofsoilerosioninlocustwoodlandislargerthanthatoflawnwhichisonthewasteslope