温州市区2000年儿童哮喘流行病学调查报告

Epidemiological survey of bronchial asthma in children of Wenzhou city in the year 2000

目的 :调查 2 0 0 0年温州地区儿童哮喘病的现患情况 ,探讨哮喘的危险因素 ,为儿童哮喘的防治提供依据。方法 :采用统一方案 ,进行随机、整群抽样调查。调查了浙江省温州市区 4个街道共 9947名 14岁以下儿童。结果 :全市儿童现患率约为 0 .96% ,男女现患率比为 1.71∶1;另外 3～ 6年龄段儿童现患率最高 (达2 .2 5 % ) ,首次发病年龄 <3岁者占 62 %。危险因素调查显示 ,2 3 .4%患儿有婴儿湿疹史 ,14.3 %患儿家庭养有猫狗 ,63 .2 %家庭拥有绒毛玩具 ;合并有过敏性鼻炎者达 3 0 .5 % ,经常被动吸烟者 4.2 %。诱发因素中 ,感冒占第一位 (达 96.8% ) ,天气变化 3 7.9% ,运动后 10 .5 %。全市哮喘患儿平均每年经济损失约为 (165 4.945± 13 74.147)元。结论 :本次调查结果基本代表了温州儿童哮喘病的流行病学情况 。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and discuss the risk factors of asthma in children of Wenzhou city and provide a basic for the prevention and treatment for asthma.Methods:Adoping uniform scheme,a random stratified cluster sampling was performed.9947 children under 14 years old were surveyed in four residential districts of Wenzhou city:Wuma,Shangdoumen,Shuixin,Puxieshi.Results:The prsent sickness rate of children in whole city was about 0.96%.The ratio of male to female was 1.7∶1.0.Children ranging from 3 to 6 years old had the highest sickness rate(2.25%).The first asthma attacked children aged less than 3 years old accounted for 62%.The investigation of the risk factors showed that 23.4% children had the eczema history;14.4% asthmatics bred pts(cat or dog);66% held hairy toys;34.4% of asthmatics was complicated with allergic rhinitis;children often exposed to the passive smoking were 4.2%.Among inducing factors,common cold accounted for number one(up to 96.8%);The attacks due to weather changes or exercises were 37.9% and 10.5%,respectively.The yearly average economic expenses of the asthmatic children in whole Wenzhou were about RMB (1654.9±1374.1) yuan.Conclusion:This survey basically reflected the epidemiological status of asthma in Wenzhou city and the data will provide a basis for research,prevention and treatment of asthma in children.