青藏高原生态资产的价值评估

Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau

论文根据一系列1∶1000000自然资源专题图,把青藏高原生态资产划分为森林、草地、农田、湿地、水面、荒漠6个一级类型,应用GIS技术进行了数据处理与统计分析,编制了青藏高原1∶4000000自然资产图。生态资产价值评估以Costanza等人(1997)对全球生态系统服务价值评估的部分成果为参考,同时综合了对我国专业人士进行的生态问卷调查结果,建立了中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务价值表。以此表为基础,通过生物量等因子的校正,对青藏高原不同生态资产的服务价值进行了估算,结果表明,青藏高原生态系统每年的生态服务价值为9363.9×108元/年,占全国生态系统每年服务价值的17.68%,全球的0.61%。在青藏高原生态系统每年提供的生态服务价值中,土壤形成与保护价值最高,占19.3%;其次是废物处理价值,占16.8%;水源涵养价值占16.5%,生物多样性维持的价值占16%。高原不同生态系统类型中,森林生态系统和草地生态系统对青藏高原生态系统总服务价值的贡献最大,贡献率分别为31.3%和48.3%。

Based on a series of1∶1000000maps of natural resources of China,6categories of ecological assets were divided,which included forest,grassland,farmland,wetland,water body and desert.By means of GIS,the1∶4000000Ecological Assets Map of Tibetan Plateau was compiled and the relative data were calculated.According to partial global ecosystem services value evaluation results obtained by Costanza et al.(1997)along with responses of ecological questionnaire s from specialists of China,this paper established the ecosystem services value unit area of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.We used the ecological assets value table as a basis and also adjusted price value by biomass and then,the ecological assets value of the Tibetan Plateau was estimated.The results indicated that ecosystem services value of Tibetan Plateau is some 9363.9×10 8 yuan annually,accounting for17.68%of annual ecosystem services value of China and0.61%of the world.The value of soil formation and disposition provided by ecosys-tem s is the highest,which occupies19.3%of the total ecosystem services value and then,the value of waste treatment takes up16.8%,water conservation value,16.5%and biodiversity,16%.The forest and the grassland ecosystem s offered the main ecosystem services value,being31.3%and48.3%of the total value provided by different ecosystem types,respectively.