三峡库区不同类型地区高效生态农业发展模式与效益分析

Analysis on the development mode and its benefits of the efficient eco-agriculture in different regions in Three Gorges Area

三峡库区地形地貌复杂多样,自然生态环境十分脆弱,为了把库区建成全方位开放、综合性开发、高水平发展、高起点安置移民的新型产业密集经济区和高效生态农业区,必须把高效特色生态农业产业化作为未来经济发展的主攻方向,因地制宜地采取最有效的高效生态农业建设模式。为此,论文提出了5种不同类型的高效生态农业发展模式,即沿江河谷区果→粮→菜→猪→沼→渔水陆循环型高效生态农业模式、浅山丘陵区桔→粮→经→畜→桑→沼共生互惠型高效生态农业模式、低山区林→粮→油→薯→草→畜水土保持型高效生态农业模式、中高山区干果→药→茶→烟→菜→草名优土特型高效生态农业模式和庭院果→菜→花→禽→沼→渔小循环型高效生态农业模式。这些模式推广和应用的综合效果总体良好。

Because of the complicated physiognomy and fragile eco-environment in Three Gorges Area,industrialization of the efficient eco-agriculture should be advocated as the main direction of the future economic development,and the most effective development mode of the efficient e-co-agriculture should be adjusted according to the local conditions,so that Three Gorges Area can be constructed as a new industrial intensive economic zone and a new efficient eco-agricul-tural zone,where the development is comprehensive and the emigration reallocation is at a high level.Therefore,five types of development mode on efficient eco-agriculture are put forward:the efficient eco-agricultural development mode of the cycle type between water and land along the river valley which can be described as'fruit-grain-vegetable-pig-firedamp-fishery'(GLCZZY);the efficient eco-agricultural development mode of the mutualism type in the low mountain hilly area which can be described as'orange-grain-economic crop-livestock-mulberry-firedamp '(JLJXSZ);the efficient eco-agricultural development mode of the soil and water conservation type in the low mountainous area which can be described as'forest-grain-oil plants-potato-grass-livestock'(LLYSCX);the efficient eco-agricultural development mode of the famous special local type in the middle-high mountainous area which can be described as'dried fruit-herb-tea-to-bacco-vegetable-grass'(GYCYCC);the efficient eco-agricultural development mode of the mini cycle type in the courtyard which can be described as'fruit -vegetable -flower -poultry -firedamp -fishery'(TGCHQZ).These efficient eco-agricultural development modes have had a good application effect,so they will improve the eco-environment,increase the benefit of the in-tegrated agricultural development and industrialization,and promote the sustainable development of the economy and eco-environment in Three Gorges Area.