老年人主观幸福感测量结果的正向分布及其影响因素浅析

Positive skewness of old people's subjective well-being scores and its related factors

目的 考察国内正常老年人主观幸福感的测量结果是否存在正向倾斜 ,并分析与检验哪类题目更易引起受测者的正向回答。方法 以国内已发表的 35篇有关研究的结果为分析数据。结果 这类研究的结果都呈正向倾斜 ;而且单项的概括性题目要比多个具体生活领域的综合测量 ,家庭关系的测量要比物质条件的测量更易引起受测者的正向反应。结论 这种结果一方面可能是老年人生活现状的真实反映 ,另一方面也可能是老年人在有意无意地防御与美化。

Objective To test whether the distribution of normal old people's subjective well-being scores present positive skewness and what types of items tend to be given more positive responses. Methods Analyzed and compared the data of 35 related studies published at home. Results All results presented positive skewness; moreover, subjects responded more positively to single general item than to multiple-domain measures, and gave more positive answers to family relationship measures than to material condition ones. Conclusions Old people responded more positively to those statements general and difficult to verify, to those life domains in which more responsibility should be taken by individuals and failures will strongly threaten their self-esteem. These results may reflect that most old people are actually satisfied with their life or/and that they are enhancing themselves.