定位施肥对小麦产量和品质的影响研究

The Effect of Located Fertilizer Experiment on Yield and Quality of Wheat

从1992年到2000年,研究了13种不同肥料处理对小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明:无肥区小麦产量最低,占全肥区产量的50%左右,但历年产量稳定在1 3～1 4t/hm2,并没有随试验的进行而逐年下降,说明中性紫色土基础地力产量稳定、持久,但是较低;缺N或缺P的各处理(PK,N,NK),随着试验的进行,产量逐年降低,从试验的第6年起,小麦产量接近无肥区产量,之后稳定在1 4～1 5t/hm2;氮肥单施,其肥效逐年降低,由开始的9 4kg降至0 5kg;氮肥与磷钾肥配施,氮肥肥效则稳定在8kg左右;磷肥肥效呈逐年上升之势,由开始的3 5kg上升至16 8kg;在试验的前5年,钾肥对小麦没有增产作用,从第6年开始,钾肥对小麦增产效果明显,每千克K2O增产小麦7 4kg;不施氮肥处理,小麦茎叶和籽粒含氮量均较低,其茎叶含氮量比施氮处理平均值低43%,籽粒含氮量比施氮处理平均值低24%;不施氮肥处理粗蛋白含量比施氮处理低3个百分点;凡施用磷肥处理,籽粒中含磷量比不施磷处理高30%左右,茎叶中含磷量比不施磷处理高1倍.

The effect of thirteen different fertilizer treatments on yield and quality of wheat have been studied during 1992-2000. The result shows that: wheat yield was lowest in the plots where no fertilizer was applied to wheat, account for 50% of that in the plots where fertilizers were applied to wheat, but the yearly yield kept within 13-14 t/hm2, and it didnt go down with the conduction of the test. Its clear that the soil productivity of neutral purple soil was stable and lasting, but poor. With the application of no N or P fertilizer to wheat, the wheat yield went down year by year. From the sixth year of the test, the wheat yield was near to that in CK plots, and then kept within 14-15 t/hm2. With nitrogen only, its fertilizer effect decreased year by year, reducing from 94 kg to 05 kg. Together with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the fertilizer effect of nitrogen was about 80 kg. The fertilizer effect of phosphorus increased year by year, from 35 kg to 168 kg. In the early five years of the test, potassium had nothing to do with the wheat yield; but in the sixth year, potassium had a remarkable effect on wheat yield, higher 74kg if 1 kg of potassium was applied to wheat. No nitrogen, the nitrogen content in their stalks, leavies and grains was lower than that in them; If nitrogen was available to wheat, about 43% and 24% respectively, and the content of crude protein in grains was 3% lower than that in this case. With phosphorus to wheat, the grains phosphorus was about 30% higher than that in them; If no phosphorus was applied to wheat, the stalks phosphorus was twice of that.