中国野生大豆(G.soja)研究十年

A DECADE OF WILD SOYBEAN(G. SOJA) RESEARCH IN CHINA

大豆起源于中国。中国野生大豆资源约占世界总数的90％。近十年来,我国国学者对野生大豆的多学科研究,取得了卓越的成就,很多方面处于世界领先地位,野生大豆研究已进入一个新的历史时期。本文综述了野生大豆的分布与生境、形态发育和生态性状、生理生化性状、品质性状、病虫抗性、细胞遗传学性状以及杂交利用、大豆起源进化分类方面的研究结果,并提出了今后研究工作的主要任务。

Since 1978, about 5000 accessions of wild soybean(including G.Soja and semiwild types)have been collected in China. They distributed roughly at 24—53°N, 97-134°E and 0-265OM. Some botanical, ecological, cytological, genetical, biochemical and molecular-biological studies were done. Some special types, such as long infloresence white flower, yellow and green seed-coat were found. The growing Period varied from about 80-210 days. Photo-thermo effect(in dark room and growth-chamber) on development was analyzed. According to the data of 343 accessions from China, Japan, South Korea and USSR, seven regions and thirteen subregions of photo-thermo ecotypes were classified. A diploid strain of wild soybean with four-satellited chromosome was discovered. Mean protein content of 1695 accessions was 46.80+3.18%, the highest one 55.37%. Cloning and characterization of coding sequences for storage protein in wild soybean were dane, The frequencies of Ti, Spl and SOD alleles from various locations were detected. Some high-resistant strains to Aphis glycines were discovered. Interspecific inheritance of soybean were studied and some high-protein strains were obtained. Comparative studies of wild and cultivated soybean in China on ecology, seed composition and seed protein electrophoresis all supported that Yellow River Valley (around 35°N)might be the main original area of soybean. Comparative studies on botanical and biochemical characters were also done and some new notions of soybean evolution and taxonomy were explored. Research work in future is proposed.