明朝前期吴与弼的兼采朱陆之学

Wu Yu-bi's Theory in the Early Min Dynasty Taking from the Theories of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiu-yuan

吴与弼以一位程朱学者身份,主要关注的却是心学问题。在他的心学理论中,心既是一个认识主体,又是一个伦理本体。他既认为仁义礼智本具于心中,又认为心之外存在着天命,人有时只能"一听于天"。他的修养方法偏重于"反求于心",也注意到读书、应接事物一类下达功夫。他在坚持程朱理气学说的同时,又大量吸收陆九渊的心学。他的学说"实能兼采朱陆之长"。他的学说,通过弟子陈献章、再传弟子湛若水影响了王守仁,成为王守仁心学的源泉之一。

Although Wu Yu-bi was a scholar reverencing Zhu Xi's theory, he mainly concentrated on Lu Jiu-yuan's doctrine. In Wu's theory, the 'mind' was considered as both perceivable subject and ethical noumenon. From his point of view, the virtues of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom existed in mind. Besides, there was God's will beyond mind and humankind had to submit to the will of Heaven. The way he achieved his self-cultivation was through 'seeking the cause from the mind'. And he also paid attention to the realistic things as reading and getting involved in things. While advocating Zhu Xi's doctrine of matter derived from human consciousness, Wu Yu-bi greatly assimilated Lu Jiu-yuan's philosophy of mind. He 'did make full use of the strong points of both Zhu Xi and Lu Jiu-yan's theory'. Passing through his disciple Chen Xian-zhang and Chen's disciple Zhan Ruo-shui, Wu's theory influenced Wang Shou-ren and became one of the sources of Wang Shou-ren's philosophy of mind.