矿山尾砂表生地球化学过程实验研究

EXPERIMENT STUDY ON MINE SPOILS DURING SUPERFICIAL GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES

在对石铜钼矿和河台金矿尾砂矿物物相及化学组成研究基础上 ,利用自行设计的大口径淋滤柱开展了淋滤实验和静置浸泡 (溶解 )实验。研究结果表明 ,矿山尾矿排放水不一定是酸性 ,它取决于矿床脉石矿物、赋矿的岩石及其次生蚀变矿物的酸缓冲能力。矿山排放水的组成是地表或地下水与矿山尾砂中矿物和氢氧化物及非晶态物质相互作用的结果 ,元素的赋存状态对其被淋滤的程度有很大影响。优先流能使重金属大量带出 ,因此要尽量防止优先流的形成。研究结果可为矿山综合整治和修复提供重要依据。

Based on the mineral and chemical compositions of spoils taken from the Shilu Cu Mo ore deposit and the Hetai gold deposit, the leaching and static immersing ( dissolving) experiments on spoils taken from these two deposits using the leachi ng column designed by the authors were carried out. The experiment results showe d that it is not always true that the mine drainage is acidic. Its acidity depen ds on acid buffer ycapacity of gangues, host rocks and their alteration assemb lage in the deposits. The compositions of drainage water resulted from the inter action between superficial or underground water and solid materials in the spoil s, including minerals, hydroxides and amorphous substances. The leaching extent of the elements is related to their occurrence form in the deposits. The prefere ntial flow results in the heavy metals leaching out on a large scale. So it is b etter to prevent the formation of preferential flow in the system. The results w ill provide very important evidence for synthetic rehabilitation of land and eco logical system at the mine site.