岩溶脆弱生态区生态恢复、重建的原理与方法

METHOD AND PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION IN FRAGILE KARST ECOSYSTEM

西南岩溶山区又称岩溶脆弱生态区,该区生态系统功能脆弱、抗干扰能力低,面临严重的生态危机,急需修复和重建。针对西南岩溶区的生态恢复重建工程,从景观、系统、生物群落、种群等层次论述生态学原理与方法及其具体的运用。以生态学的原理与方法为指导,进行土地利用的优化设计,调整农村产业结构,通过全面封育与先锋群落的构建、实行乔灌藤草优化配置、生态防护林体系与特色农林产品基地建设结合,恢复良好的森林植被,是岩溶区生态恢复重建的基本步骤。

There are bare karst areas of about 540000 km2 in Southwest China, and amount to 1116000 km2 including the covered and buried karst areas. The function of the ecosystem is weak and the resistence to disturbance is low, so nature disasters are frequent. Therefore, the region gets the name of Karst Fragile Ecosystem. Ecological restoration is the key way for protecting the environment for our humanbeing and social production. The authors discuss the ecological principles of landscape, ecosystem, community, and population at multiple scales. Base on the method and principles of ecology, to reforest and to adjust structure of rural production, to optimize agriculture internal developing proportion, to explore various effective models for sustainable agricultural development are the basic ways to rehabilitate and reconstruct the ecosystem in Southwest China karst. The ecological restoration is a kind of ecological integrated engineering; its procedure and models should be discussed firstly. The humaninvolved temporal and spatial sequences of different species colonization into the succession processes of restoration are key factors to the validity of restoration models. According as the type of the barren hill and local weather pattern, seal a mountain pass of limestone hill, to construct vegetation in different zone, indigenous species of arbor, shrub, grass, vine and optimizing their combination; to select excellent local tree species, especially the fastgrowth evergreen broadleaved tree species as main species for woodland reconstruction, developing special local products to promote economic development and environmental improvement.