黔南州1996～2000年麻疹发病分析

ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF MEASLES DURING 1996 AND 2000 IN QIANNAN

目的 :分析黔南州 1996～ 2 0 0 0年麻疹流行特征和流行因素 ,为制定防治对策与措施提供依据。方法 :对有关数据进行统计分析。结果 :麻疹年均发病率为 3 3 .91/10万 ,死亡率为 0 .3 1/10万 ,3～ 4年为一个流行周期 ,发病高峰月为3～ 5月 ,10岁内儿童发病占 83 .5 %。 1999年～ 2 0 0 0年麻疹爆发病例占报告病例数的 3 9.3 %～ 5 1.8% ,病例有明确免疫史的占 47.5 % ,全州估计接种率为 76.5 %～ 78.7%。麻疹发病回升 ,爆发是影响发病率的重要因素。接种率和接种质量低是直接原因 ,经费投入不足、乡镇卫生院管理不顺、基层卫生院管理人员工资拖欠、督促检查不力、疫情报告延迟是其影响因素。结论 :积极拓宽计划免疫筹资渠道、加强常规免疫提高接种率、及提高接种质量、开展强化免疫扫除免空白儿童、加强督导力度和疫情监测管理 。

Objective:Analyzing the epidemic features and factors of measles duri ng 1996~2000 in Qiannan prefecture,to provide base for drawi ng up preventive measurements.Methods:To analyze some relative st atistical data Results:The measlesannual incidecece was 33 91/10 5 and the mortality of it is 0 31/10 5,with its period about 3～4 y ear,whose peak time was from March to May every year Children below 10 years ol d take up 83 5% of the incidence The cases broke out countel for 39 38%~51 8% ,wi th 47 59% of them had definite immune histories The estimable vaccinal r ate all over the prefecture is 76 5%~78 7% The incidence of measles in Qiann an prefecture rised again,and the contagion was an important factor Th e low percentage and the poor quality of the vaccination were the direct reasons Th e lack of finance,the poor management in commune hospital,the arrear of grass-r oots salary,the poor supervision and the delay of the reports of those contagiou s cases were the factors Conclusion:In order to control and eli minate measles,we should try to broaden the financing channels of planned immunity,strengthen the regular im munity to raise the vaccinate rate,launch into the gixed points for vaccinatio n to better the quality of vaccination,make a large scale of vaccination to swe e p away the phenomenon of unvaccinated children,strengthen the supervision and ma nagement of situation monitorship