“S了”的时体意义及其句法条件

The Grammatical Meaning of "S+le" Structure and Its Syntactic Requirements

本文讨论表示“起始”体意义的句尾“了”在不同句法条件下所表示的不同的时体意义:“现在起始体”、“将来起始体”和“过去起始体”。这些不同的“时”是由相应的句法条件提供的,并不是“了”的语法功能。本文用相应的时体疑问句对“现在起始体”和“过去起始体”作了测试。疑问测试的方法可以推广到本文之外的“S了”句子的研究中。

S+le' structure as a sentence-end has the grammatical meaning of initiative. Three tenses and aspects as shown in respective syntactic environments by this structure, i. e. present initiative, future initiative and past initiative, are examined in the paper. The author argues that these tenses are indicated by other sentence components rather than 'le-structure'. Then appropriate questions are used to test whether the 'S+le' structure indicates 'present initiative' or 'past initiative'. This 'question-test' approach can be generally employed in the further research of 'S+le' structures.