热带海区海难落水人员救生分析

Analysis of the rescue work in a maritime distress on the tropical sea

目的 分析热带海区海难落水人员的救生情况 ,探讨提高海区落水人员生存率的方法。方法 对 2 0 0 1年热带风暴“天兔”引起的 2 2例海难幸存者的海上漂浮情况和救生情况进行个案调查 ,以了解海难遇险人员救生情况。结果 2 2例幸存者在无救生通讯装备和救生口粮情况下 ,以简易漂浮物在海上漂浮 (2 6 .9± 5 .3) h。落海时轻微外伤 4例 (18.2 % ) ,漂浮时皮肤擦伤 2 2例 (10 0 % ) ,被海洋生物袭击 5例 (2 2 .7% )。经直升机救生 19例 ,经直升机引导舰船救生 3例 ,获救后经治疗均恢复健康。结论 出海人员应进行基本的海上救生教育和训练 ,准备必须的救生通讯装备和救生口粮。在海上搜救过程中 ,要做到反应迅速、搜救空间合理、医疗准备充分。

Objective To analyse the rescue work in a maritime distress on the tropical sea in order to elevate the survival rate.Methods Individual survey was conducted in 22 survivors of a maritime distress caused by a tropical storm on the South China Sea in order to examine the falling,drifting and survival conditions on the sea.Results All the 22 cases had neither life saving and communication equipment nor contingency ration when drifting for 23~49 hours in the sea with simple floatages.Light injury occurred in 4 cases(18.2%) when falling;light skin scratch in 22 cases(100%)when drifting;marine creature raids in 5 cases(22.7%).19 cases(86.4%)were rescued by helicopters and 3 cases (13.6%) were rescued by ships directed by helicopters.They all recovered after treatment in hospitals.Conclusions Basic survival education and training should be given before sailing.Requisite life saving and communication equipments and contingency ration must be prepared.If a maritime distress occurred,an air sea rescue should be organized as soon as possible within a reasonable area.The survivors should get the best medical treatment as soon as possible.