1996～2000年住院儿童意外损伤的调查分析

Analysis on accidental injuries based on hospitalized children from 1996 to 2000

目的 了解本地区儿童意外损伤发生的特点 ,为开展意外损伤控制提供科学依据。方法 对 1996年 1月 1日至 2 0 0 0年 12月 31日我院 772例意外损伤患儿的临床资料进行统计分析。结果 意外损伤患儿占同期 0～ 14岁儿童住院病例的 8 13% (772 / 94 96 ) ;死亡 2 1例 ,伤死率 2 72 % (2 1/ 772 )。儿童意外损伤死亡居我院 0～ 14岁儿童死因顺位之首。 772例患儿男女之比为 5 4 3∶1。不同年龄段损伤类型的构成不同 ,1～ 5岁年龄段烫伤构成比最高2 2 6 % (6 1/ 2 70 ) ,其次是意外跌落 17 4 % (47/ 2 70 )和中毒 17 0 % (46 / 2 70 )。 6岁～ 14岁儿童均以交通事故损伤构成比最大 ,分别为 34 7% (78/ 2 2 5 )和 4 0 2 % (10 7/ 2 6 6 ) ,其次为切割、碰撞、运动损伤等自伤 ,分别为 2 4 4 % (5 5 / 2 2 5 )和2 2 2 % (5 9/ 2 6 6 )。 10～ 14岁儿童因打架斗殴等造成的他伤较小年龄组有增高趋势 ,构成比为 18 8% (5 0 / 2 6 6 )。结论 开展意外损伤控制在 1～ 5岁年龄段重点是加强幼儿教师及家长相应的监护措施 ,可由幼儿园和社区卫生保健机构负责对教师和家长的培训指导。同时对儿童进行安全教育 ,对 6岁以上学龄儿童 ,社区、学校、家长互相配合对中小学生进行交通安全及自我防护教育 ,同时加强道路?

Objective To investigate the risk factors of accidental injuries in childhood and to provide reference for the prevention of child accidental injuries.Methods A retrospective study was made on 772 cases of accidental injruies hospitalized children in Tangdu hospital from 1996 to 2000.Results The rate of accidental injuries cases to all hospitalized children (0-14) years old was 8.13%.Deaths resulting from the injuries was 21,the death rate was 2.72%.It was the first cause for the hospitalized children deaths.The ratio between male and female was 5.43∶1.The type of injuries in differential age groups were variant.The main injuries were burns(22.6%),falls (17.4%) and toxications(17.0%) in 1-5 years old group,traffic accidents(34.7%),cuts(24.4%) and sport injuries(22.2%) in 6-9 years old groups;traffic accidents(40.2%) and fighting injruies (18.8%) in 10-14 years old group.Conclusion The accidental injuries was a serious problem in children.The main injuries types were influenced by age,gender and other factors.Differential stratagems should be developed to prevent accidental injuries for differential age group children.