传染性肺结核患者家庭中密切接触者结核感染发病情况及预防

Incidence and Prevention of Tuberculosis Infection Among Close Contacts in Families of Infectious Tuberculosis Patients

目的探究传染性肺结核患者家庭中密切接触者结核感染发病情况及预防效果。方法选取焦作市疾病预防控制中心2017年3月-2018年3月期间接收的120例传染性肺结核患者家庭中密切接触者作为研究对象,回顾120例接触者临床资料,以是否接受肺结核预防治疗为分组依据,将120例接触者分为参照组、预防组,每组各60例。参照组未接受结核感染预防措施,预防组接受相关结核感染预防措施,对比涂阳、涂阴的接触者结核菌素试验阳性率,对比两组接触者近3年的结核感染发病率,对比预防组内接受不同时长预防治疗的接触者的结核感染发病率。结果所有接触者中涂阳者有79例,涂阴者有41例。涂阳者阳性率为65.82%(52/79),涂阴者阳性率为43.90%(18/41),总阳性率为58.33%(70/120);预防组近三年结核感染发病率均显著低于参照组(P <0.05);预防组接受预防治疗<6个月者共29例,≥6个月者共31例,<6个月者结核感染发病率为13.79%,显著高于≥6个月者的0.00%(P <0.05)。结论传染性肺结核患者家庭中密切接触者结核感染发病较高,临床应积极做好针对性的预防治疗干预,减少与控制结核感染发病率。

Objective To explore the incidence of tuberculosis and its prevention effect among close contacts in the families of infectious tuberculosis patients.Methods 120 cases of close contacts in the families of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis patients received by Jiaozuo Disease Prevention and Control Center from March 2017 to March 2018 were selected as research objects.The clinical data of 120 cases of contacts were reviewed and divided into reference group and prevention group with 60 cases in each group according to whether they received tuberculosis prevention and treatment.The reference group did not receive TB infection prevention measures,while the prevention group received relevant TB infection prevention measures.The positive rate of tuberculin test for smear positive and smear negative contacts,the incidence of TB infection in the past 3 years for the two groups,and the incidence of TB infection among the contacts receiving preventive treatment for different durations in the prevention group were compared.Results Among all the contacts,79 cases were smear positive and 41 cases smear negative.The positive rate of smear positive was 65.82%(52/79),that of smear negative was 43.90%(18/41),and the total positive rate was 58.33%(70/120).The incidence of tuberculosis infection in the prevention group was significantly lower than that in the control group in the past three years(P<0.05).In the prevention group,29 patients received preventive treatment for less than 6 months,31 patients received≥6 months,and the incidence rate of tuberculosis infection for less than 6 months was 13.79%,significantly higher than 0.00%for≥6 months(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis infection is relatively high among close contacts in the families of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Clinically,targeted prevention and treatment interventions should be actively carried out to reduce and control the incidence of tuberculosis infection.