基于直方统计特征的多特征组合航迹关联

Multi-feature Combination Track-to-track Association Based on Histogram Statistics Feature

现有的航迹关联方法主要有基于统计和基于模糊数学两大类方法。基于统计的方法大多依赖阈值的设置,基于模糊数学的方法参数设置复杂,且多数方法相关比较时只考虑单个航迹点的信息。针对现有问题,该文首先从航迹的整体出发,在传统欧式距离度量的基础上,提出了一种距离分布直方图的特征并提取了航迹的相似特征,有效地利用了航迹间的整体特性,具有较好的抗噪声性能以及关联准确率。其次充分考虑了船舶运动特征以及不同数据源位置精度,提取了航迹间的速度差分布直方图特征、传感器来源特征。然后将这些特征组合并利用机器学习的方法训练关联模型,有效地避免了需要人工设定阈值以及参数设置复杂的问题。最后,该文构建了一个真实的船舶数据集,实验结果表明距离分布直方图特征相比传统的距离特征总体关联准确率提高了3.23%～11.65%,组合特征相较于单一的距离分布直方图特征总体关联准确率提高了0.068%,验证了该文方法的有效性。

Existing track-to-track association methods are mainly based on statistics and fuzzy mathematics.However, most methods based on statistics depend on thresholds, and parameters based on fuzzy mathematics are complex to set. In addition, most methods only consider the information of a single track point in comparison. To solve the existing problems, this paper presents a distance distribution histogram feature to extract the similarity features of a trajectory and measure them using the standardized Euclidean distances;this method effectively utilizes the characteristics of the whole trajectory and has a good anti-noise performance and accuracy. The motion features of ships and the location accuracy of different data sources were fully considered. After obtaining the histogram features of velocity difference and the source features of sensors, the authors combined them and trained association models using machine learning, which effectively avoids the problem of manually setting thresholds and complex parameter settings. Finally, a real ship data set was constructed. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional distance feature, the overall association accuracy was improved by 3.23%~11.65% using the distance distribution histogram feature, and by0.068% using the combination feature, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.